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Let’s talk about history…
In March 1966, there is a third movement (saying-if nationalist) Unita, formed by Jonas Savimbi. This, originating in the province of the bié province in the centre of Angola, had contacts with the mpla in 1961, but, binds to the UPA / fnla encouraged by President Bolivar Jomo Kenyatta and the minister of foreign affairs tom mboya, that maintained links With The CLA. In Grae occupies post of ” The Secretary-General ” And ” Minister of Foreign Affairs ”. Jonas Savimbi created mechanisms to create an independent basis within the fnla / Grae and develop external contacts (during this time, he had contacts with the secret police).
In July 1964, leave the fnla, along with some other members, for reasons connected with the leadership of Holden Roberto, stating that this was tribalista and favored the members of ethnicity bakongo, racist towards the mongrels and white and that he was channelling funds For their own accounts. Criticized him also because this refused to develop a military operation over long of the province of katanga (border with Angola). Jonas Savimbi considers the chance to join the mpla, but imposes on agostinho neto which gave him the post of Vice-President in charge of foreign relations. When he saw denied your claim, two years later founded the unita.
Second Basil Davidson, Jonas Savimbi I just wanted to be subject to their own leadership and nobody else’s. After having founded unita, Jonas Savimbi does know who wanted to establish a free zone, operate only from the inside by developing a rhetoric ” Anti-Social-Soviet imperialism ”.
The first action of guerrilla warfare of unita occurs on the 25th of December 1966 when they hit the city fronteriça Teixeira De Sousa (currently luau), On the way-of-Iron Benguela, near the border with then zaire and not far from the Zambia, which requires a temporary interruption of transport to and from that country. The President of Zambia, kaunda, reacts violently to attack because the zambia depended on the way-of-Iron for transactions and, even though the kaunda savimbi promised that it would never attack the way-of-Iron, what is certain is that the Unita, in 1967, he made derail trains twice, causing kaunda drive off the head of the delegation of unita in Zambia. After a year in Cairo, Jonas Savimbi back to angola smuggled through the Zambia, insuflando new life and actions of guerrilla warfare of unita in the east of the territory of Angola and cooperated with the services of military security Portuguese. Unita regularly attacked the bases of the mpla in the east of Angola. Unita has served as a strong arm of the Portuguese troops in the rear, with special mission of molesting the people who followed and supported the mpla, in the land of the east and the centre of the country until 1974. The collaboration with the imperialist interests continued to characterise the behaviour Of Jonas Savimbi and ideologoa (hidden) of unita until today…
Let’s continue…
Master’s thesis of General Pilgrim Uambo Chindondo, former senior leader of unita and today advisor to the chief of staff-Gen the angolan armed forces troops: “the role of information and technology in the management of conflict prevention” – dissertation for obtaining The degree of Master – Pilgrim Isidro Wambu Chindondo, guidance counselor – prof. Doctor Jaime Nogueira Pinto. Portuguese Military Academy.
Women and gender: bourgeois feminism versus revolutionary concept
Since the dawn of our species, women have been gaining ground around obstacles and to achieve their multiple skills to demonstrate alongside men.A way reflected misunderstandings and repressions, both society itself and from their immediate environment.
Mired for centuries under the rule of a patriarchal model, women have fought a thousand battles in order to achieve an egalitarian, keeping the same space with the development of society.In the struggle for liberation, they have been involved in emancipatory processes in different realities across the planet.
To do this because they have overcome and conceptualizations point out what is really revolutionary feminism, which antidote to the poison intoxicated with bourgeois feminism.Hence the importance of knowing what really separates the bourgeois view of women’s “emancipation” of that revolutionary, stripped and these defects of the past and impositions of this.
What difference does exist between bourgeois feminism and revolutionary?It is a question more than necessary, vital for women who seek and fight for a different society.
The first deals with the problems of women from the cornerstone of compatibility with capitalism, is aimed at specific demands of women of middle and upper class, it is a pro-institutional feminism and is an expression of bourgeois ideology, in line withwhich ignores the centrality of the struggles of workers, poor women, workers, indigenous, peasant, etc .;in essence, bourgeois feminism conceives of itself as a way for women are also recognizes the right to profit, exploit and occupy positions.
For the revolutionary feminism, on the contrary, the struggle of women is a constituent and indivisible part of the struggle to the death against the capitalist system, to achieve gender liberation within the framework of social liberation.His critique of patriarchy and machismo is devastating to the extent that it is radical, since far from being adorned with rhetoric and sophistry, goes to the root of the contradictions and is nourished by Marxism.
Clarify this difference in approach leads to consider the fundamental tenets of Marxism.The critical foundation that separates Marxism from all bourgeois thought is its conceptual support that develops on three main areas, namely: the theory of surplus value or exploitation, state theory and the theory of thought.
The theory of surplus value due to an operating structure that works objectively.According to Marx it is the value that the worker above the money that represents your work effort, which is not paid and goes directly into the hands of the capitalist.This appropriation of surplus value (surplus), which is called profit, is the basis of capitalist exploitation.Marxist theory states that exploitation exists due to the presence of a bourgeois state that favors the perpetuation of it.
The second analyzes how the bourgeois state operates in interaction with other forces within it, whether they are religious, the judicial-legal system, the media, the military, and applied systematically repression in its various manifestations fortheir sustainability, as well as the prevalence of exploitation.
And the theory or way of thinking, understood as the historical and dialectical materialism, poses a different thought the bourgeois in the interpretation of history and idealist method, being decisive when trying to change the world tool.
The importance of this critical basis, from the point of view of women is vital, since these three axes are based on the anthropogony, which necessarily includes reproduction as a species through work.an important fact to address is then derived, or that the woman plays the workforce, and comes to be considered by the bourgeois state as an instrument of production.
This leads to a deeper analysis, which part of the consideration of the existence of a dialectic between production and reproduction, taking into account that the woman is a unique workforce that produces work.
If work in skilled or complex is divided and unskilled, where the first is exhausting psychologically workers, and for which the woman is obliged to compensate for this situation at home, there is a need to organize andfight against this situation of injustice that exceeded.Remember also that women workers generally receive lower wages by 30% compared to average man, ie that is profitable from the point of view of capitalist 30% more than men.
So when the issues that concern women are discussed, it should be from a Marxist analysis to consider integrating elements that have been identified to analyze society and particularly the role, rights and duties of women;diametrically opposite, the bourgeois approach that addresses the issue of gender biased way it does, as unordered set of isolated phenomena, without contradicting the theoretical and ideological scaffolding of the capitalist system.
In the current neoliberal model is class inequality that impacts most strongly on the gender asymmetry, which affected women both in the workplace and at home worsens.In both contexts must resist every day as a worker and as a member of the family, when it is discriminated, beleaguered including sexually, depressed, undervalued in terms of wages and affected by other situations that undermine their psychological stability and dignity as human beings with rightssocial, economic and political.
Revolutionary feminism therefore not be confused with the bourgeois, which aims desdibujarlo.Hence the role that falls to the revolutionary: to deepen the theoretical study of this psychosocial phenomenon, which impacts on the political projects of transformation of society, and bring together every day more women and men around the liberation struggle.
By Paula Jimenez, member of the Bolivarian Movement
Monica Villegas eyes bear the sorrow sown in peasant communities in the municipality of Ituango, Antioquia, one of the most ravaged by the paramilitaries of Carlos Castano and Salvatore Mancuso.At the same face, her smile keeps the charm attractive young Antiochian.
Eyes smile peace and war
Since the 10 year old wanted to join the FARC and so he made it known to his parents, who tried to discourage telling stories of other families that their children became guerrillas and had not been seen in years, losing them forhousework and breaking bonding.“That’s heartbreaking for a mother,” heard say;then he decided to keep secret his desire and not manifestárselo more relatives.Born in a village in the municipality of Ituango, being very small met the guerrillas.Sporadically they passed through his home, sometimes in large groups and sometimes small but always came by surprise and disappeared as if by magic, what generated curiosity that could not satisfy his young age.
Among them, he was always a boy in the region, the neighborhood, who had gone any given day and then came as big and strong, accompanied by other and with a different behavior of civilians.More serious, discreet, mature and taken into consideration by the inhabitants of the village.But he drew attention to the guerrilla who saw wear uniforms, carry weapons and take on activities and authority as men.
Stealthily talk to older listened quietly, with an air of mystery voice, which will further increased the curiosity.He heard that these young acquaintances were facing in fighting the paramilitaries and the army when they came to the villages to murder good people known in the region, to massacre and drive to keep the land.Again he felt like being a guerrilla.
The desire to join the guerrillas gnawing inside, but I knew it would not receive per child;then he promised that when I turned thirteen would be joining them.After having fulfilled a few months, he spent a commission of guerrillas and when night approached, Monica hid to watch where they would go to join them.When the manager of the commission said that was not received by not old, she lied that she was 15.
It took several days to realize that it was a commission of the ELN and FARC not.He had not imagined what was the daily life of guerrilla life;being still a child, she had great difficulty adapting, why the guerrilla command returned to the house.There, with his mother, he continued to cultivate the dream of belonging to the FARC, but he knew only receive when he turned 15 years.He waited patiently and now a little more mature, to meet them, he joined a committee in who was a relative.
The FARC completed 13 years in which he has had to assume different responsibilities and missions, including combat against the army on many occasions in northern Antioquia.But the day really guerrilla, who invaded the feeling of having achieved their aspirations, even though it was an unconscious impulse was felt when the fight against the paramilitaries in Santa Rita.He felt that he had done justice by their cousins, by parents and brothers and guerrilla fighters whom the paramilitaries killed in massacres;and the death of many poor people in the region.
Like all guerrilla and FARC guerrillas, longs for the Dialogues of Havana will be successful, and is politically preparing to assume new roles that await fighters in a scenario of post agreement.I would devote more time to strengthen the bond with her teenage daughter and dreams of studying medicine, career likes and which has traveled a distance, as it is one of the best educated nurses Block Efrain Guzman.
But as you know it is not easy to agree with the Santos government an agreement that satisfies the aspirations of the most disadvantaged sectors of the nation, it is also prepared to continue to take the confrontation, if he comes to need.
“Thus recrudezca again confrontation, will continue to struggle for a political solution,” he announces peace with his smile and his eyes war.
By Matthias Aldecoa, Peace Delegation FARC-EP
For the mother, the friend and companion.
My parents decided to give his life to the fight.For years they helped forge that dream can now call FARC-EP.
A daughter of the guerrillasMy dad, being a union leader suffered state persecution until he left his civilian life, his wife and their children.Thus came the guerrillas.My mom, being militant of the Communist Youth decided to change his life urban fighting in the mountains, the rifle and the olive green uniform.
The same work united.By then the norm of mandatory planning was already in the statutes.My dad had their children away, my mom had chosen to become guerrilla knowing that motherhood would not be the priority in your life.
Both understood the need to be planned in the FARC-EP and she did it responsibly to avoid abortion.However, faced with a disease that affected their reproductive organs and advanced age, my mom decided to consult with management the possibility of being a mother.
Aware of the risks of war, he knew that if it came to accept her motherhood, she and the baby would be much time apart, but there was the possibility of leaving with his family.
He asked audience Comrade Manuel Marulanda himself.He walked for four long days to reach the place where the Secretariat was.He stated his case, explained that first of all she was a guerrilla and was in line with the rules of the organization.He also said that consultation was personal, my dad already had other children and did not intend to have more, “He will only sperm”, she said while laughing Marulanda.
He accepted.My mom started to return to their camp.Again four days running up and down hills.He arrived with my dad to tell him the news.He received joyous news.Although it was not something he wanted assumed his part of it …
An hour later, she looked at the clock and said, “I have an hour of pregnancy”.He waited a bit longer to get the urine test, which of course was positive, but my mom was just confirmation of something that was for sure.
After a few months she was sent to the city.Thanks to the organization I was born in the best possible conditions.
Some years have passed since then.My dad is gone.With my mom, we have been able to maintain communication, much more than she ever imagined the day he requested permission to have me.We are not the most tragic case of guerrilla motherhood, the same tasks assigned to you my mom have allowed him to be close and have much influence on my formation as a human being and as a revolutionary.
Today it unites more than blood ties.Both are fighting for the same project country that my dad gave his blood that remains in force endure injustice.
I am a daughter of the guerrillas.I’m not the generality.Planning policy remains essential for the FARC-EP can develop as a political-military organization, but that does not mean they do not take into account peculiarities.
This story could have been written down in a notebook, but not be fair.Many times have been issued on the criteria irresponsible policy toward motherhood in the organization.I hope my testimony will help clarify the visions.
By Violeta Narvaez guerrilla FARC-EP
Having spent several days in Havana, Cuba, which certainly filled my life with rich experience, not only for having had the opportunity to meet in person most of our leadership, but to know that beautiful country and the peoplewhich is an example of dignity and resistance, we returned to the area where the pilot project would be brought forward.
My first experience in El Orejón (II)In the new return to El Orejón, in Briceno, Antioquia, after a long journey back to the airport Caucasia, were taken to a makeshift site in order to hide our identity, and, of course, I imagined that too with thein order to avoid any incident caused by those interested in sabotaging the peace process.After a half hour wait on that site, we boarded the helicopter that took us to our destination.
After about forty minute flight note, finally, the place where we would stay in the company of people of different nationality, customs, cultures, ways of seeing the world, and why not say, and where they also would, now,sharing a specific task in building peace, with whom for more than 50 years we have faced death, that is, with members of the National Army.Without the pilot left off the machine, the three guerrillas of the FARC-EP and two Cuban journalists left the ship, and watched a short distance the presence of many people awaiting our arrival, including farmers, Norwegian People’s Aid APN, Government andArmy.
We headed to the house where we would find other people who would be part of proyecto.Se felt a friendly atmosphere, the house was a little changed, was still under construction but looked different.There I was introduced to Lieutenant William Villanueva and sergeants Fredy Lozano and Luis Fernando Sosa, who share the house with us, but who at the time were staying in another house.
We were seated in the respective quarters.I remember a couple, Esteban Rueda and a young woman named Sara Marin, who gave us jackets that would identify us as members of the Pilot Project and blue shirts emblazoned with doves as symbols.Immediately we began to organize our stuff.
Although all the people who were with us showed very friendly, I felt a bit stressed, because although we and the soldiers were unarmed, many years of conflict end up creating in the head of one many questions that are noteasy to clear.I like for example, if we would be able to agree on the task of decontamination born of de-escalation agreement?Yes it would be possible to share space as a dining table, a place to meet and concrete tasks within the framework of commitment?Are they would be able to look at us as equal persons and not as someone who submit to his will?
We met with the team to agree on the time it would convene the community with the idea of informing of the steps that should be given.She would be the most benefited with decontamination of the territory.The meeting would be the representatives of NPC, DAICMA, soldiers engaged in demining, the FARC-EP and the community.It was agreed that would take place in the afternoon in a small school quite shabby.
When the time of the meeting, we left all to school.We begin with the presentation of the participants and those from that time would begin to be protagonists in the front line, something that was first seen in Colombia.Guerrillas, soldiers, government and community share the same stage to talk about the things that worried both about as others.
When the peasants took the word, I was thrilled to hear how strongly they spoke to without fear claiming government guarantees, so that they are not only decontaminated explosives its territory, but undertook to give them a lifedignified, with profitable productive projects, road, education, health and recreation.And all in a demilitarized area that is free of paramilitarism.Demining then erradicarles the illicit crops without substitution plan, or for the company to continue moving the Hidroituango as so far not used.
After a long discussion in which government spokesmen pledged to promote social projects, productive projects and decontaminated sites that would not be used for military advantage for either side, farmers quieted a bit.Moreover, to largely ease tempers, government, warned of the lack of credibility enjoyed by the State, requested the delegate of the FARC to explain the purpose of the pilot project, as a gesture of de-escalation in the framework of AgreementsHavana, in order to build confidence between the parties.
The next day decontamination work in different areas began.Every evening we met to balance the activities fulfilled.As three days, in the afternoon, we were surprised by an explosion in the High Captain.Immediately the military for the radios we were informed that a soldier had stood on a mine.
The news brought sadness to all that we were engaged in this task, because the boy had already shared several days of work and cheerful sports integration into a football championship.
The unfortunate accident with loss of life of this humble young man, forced us to pause for readjusting security measures.And it was in those days when I had the chance to see me again with Colonel Benitez, who I said I was impressed by his appearance rough and arrogant man.As already commented that treating him with more confidence, turned out to be a kind person, with whom you could talk a good way.
I think this experience all learned, because despite the differences between us, representatives of the State, APN, and guerrillas, including the difference in languages, customs and cultures, we were in the real field meet most of theagreed.Misunderstandings were handled with respect and with each passing day we had the ability and confidence to say things without affecting coexistence.A beautiful memory.
Por Cristina Ruiz, guerrillera de las FARC-EP
The guerrillas want peace with social justice to continue working, now without weapons, for a better country for all the Colombian population.We dream of equal opportunities for women and guarantees of our human rights, study and work in what interests us.All this, of course, within the framework of the plans of our organization.These are the clearest ideas that have then left me to converse and share with hundreds of guerrillas on how we see ourselves in peace.Many people in Colombia and the world is optimistic about the peace process, believe that if the agreement is signed and so we invite from and to their homes and plan of work that together, we will do for Colombia toboth we want.We talk about how important it will be reunited with our families, especially our children.We listen and we will also riding in that car optimism.
But as soon they leave and were alone, put his head on the pillow and here comes the problem: pensadera … will end paramilitarism ?;Do we achieve policy without kill us ?;Will we make desired peace?
We have years of resistance against a criminal State which has used the targeted killing as a way of doing politics.The bourgeoisie has expropriated the name of the right to private property, no matter how the purchase.Kill all who set as winner than her affections.No lie of the Communists, just have to read the report of the Historical Commission, yes, more than 800 pages, but that’s part of the story.
They also live in the mind of every guerrilla, each guerrilla, each person who has fought for the rights of the Colombian people, the horrors committed by that State.And the war lasted longer than what was intended when a handful of men and women decided to rise up in Marquetalia because they did not want to die shot in the back by demanding justice.And this has led us to make mistakes, that’s true.
Anyway.Read messages from other friends, other people who write to us by social networks or pages of the FARC-EP saying, be careful not surrender their weapons that will kill !, remember the history of Colombia!And we anyway we turn to introduce optimism.Yes, because if we do not believe in this process then what we got to talk.They have done other people with worse problems, how will not succeed in Colombia?
And it is when the guerrilla, as the guerrillas will reply to friends and to those who are not but tell us that among all the Colombian people have to achieve to make peace.To close ranks paramilitarism, the enemies of dialogue, who need war because they live it.
Guerrilla see us working with the communities where we always have been but without the pressure of a bombing or the arrival of paramilitary razing everything we’ve built.Without the fear of targeted killing by winning a seat to traditional politicians, think critically and act in accordance with it, being opposition, for the left, for being Communists.
In the FARC-EP we believe that peace is possible and that Colombia can not continue in endless war.We accepted the invitation to make us friends to their homes, to work together for this beautiful country.Every Colombian and Colombian should think that peace will not be without its positive contribution, passivity only serves the enemies of peace that invade the media with messages dispiriting.Come all and all for peace we deserve!
By Candelaria Viva, guerrilla FARC-EP
With some hints of light provided by the moon this warm night of the savannas of Yari, I would refer to what for me means our vision of gender, ie the idea that reality has shown me fariana.To begin with I must say this perception have not only a woman, but for being revolutionary.Being proletarian.
This is the starting point, talk about the double exploitation of women is the development of feminism from the class struggle, is talking about the liberation of women with a deep and fierce conception of class against capitalism andwhat this imposes not only to women but to the exploited classes;and which necessarily budgeted changes are not only vindictive, short-term but especially long-term: in socialism.
Discrimination, exclusion, invisibility to women not born in capitalism there are deepened, basically because the woman ceases to be a producing more consumer goods as it was in feudalism, in the artisan workshop of his house whereat the same time taking care of her and of all its inhabitants;to become simple “housewife” without be appraised in its immense dimension this work, actually a large proportion of surplus value is extracted from the work of housewives increased with those at the same time have the need to workfor whatever reasons.
However the problem does not end there, because the fetishism of capitalism itself turns women into a commodity to be bought or sold, the valued so they can offer to their sex.In addition also it plays an extremely important role for capital: they are the main consumers, and are taken into account to the extent that it is they who decide what to buy at home.
All these understanding them conditions in a long and dynamic process has created and strengthened an androcentric and patriarchal culture that not only takes the bourgeoisie but transcends hegemonic way to alienate a large part of society, convincing the normality of oppression,exclusion, denigration of women.
Even we can say that some proletarian comrades were convinced the story of “being standard” and participate and promote this situation, knowing that they too this phenomenon deeply affected, since the schemes dominant male that requires this culture puts onextremely strong internal conflicts that paints them as a being that can not really exist, besides denying many human feelings that disguise the myth of the weak-strong sex.
-just Fellow proletarians are many breeders of machismo and meekly assume the role of “adjective” relative to the other sex. This is the phenomenon of alienation that allows both men and women show selfless struggle for women’s liberationthat definitely is not only women but provides gender equality in which both parties will benefit.
The revolutionaries also have the moral duty to mobilize awareness of social and gender equality, we have an unspoken commitment to all the struggles, it is not approach them from a formal point of view, but that commitment imposes a thorough analysis of the phenomenon,compromising it from and with short-term changes but strategically directing our conception of class and our vision of society.
-Indiscutiblemente The struggles of women, popular and social organizations, sexual diversity, of different sectors consistent with gender equity, they have carved out a long way;but seeds, fertilizers, provided by the diversity of opinions, healthy debate and especially the praxis, will empower this work.
If men and women act in line with a clearly defined vision, not only will soon harvest but of unquestionable quality and equal assume the challenges of the new society.
By Sarah Moon Nariño, Peace Delegation FARC-EP
